Abstract: Municipalities play a significant role in shaping local energy security. The state of local energy security, understood as the ability to meet energy needs at the local level, is one of the key elements of a country’s energy security. However, municipalities do not sufficiently fulfill their statutory obligations regarding the provision of electricity and natural gas. The purpose of this article is to present the most important tasks of municipalities in the area of energy security at the local level and the possibilities for counteracting potential threats to it. Material and methods: The study employed a critical analysis and synthesis of the relevant literature, as well as an analysis of current legal regulations concerning the tasks and competencies of municipalities in the area of energy security. An analysis of strategic and planning documents related to the local supply of electricity, gaseous fuels, and heat was also conducted. The analysis identified the core responsibilities of municipal governments and assessed the extent to which they are fulfilled in the context of ensuring local energy security. Results: The analysis showed that municipal governments play a significant role in ensuring local energy security, particularly through planning and organizing energy supply and taking measures to mitigate potential risks. Current legal regulations define the scope of municipal responsibilities in a way that enables the fulfillment of basic obligations in this area. At the same time, it was found that the practical implementation of these tasks varies, and some municipalities do not fully utilize the available legal and organizational instruments. These limitations may affect the level of local energy security, particularly in situations of energy supply disruptions or the occurrence of other non-military threats. Conclusions: The responsibility for shaping local energy security rests largely with local governments. Their tasks and obligations in this regard have been sufficiently defined, and the applicable legal regulations allow for their effective implementation. On the other hand, many municipalities do not fully comply with their statutory obligations, thereby creating threats to the energy security of their residents.