Abstract For many last years overexploitation and deficits of natural resources, including drinking water, have been one of the most important problems of the modern world. To prevent the risk of water deficits, actions are taken in order to economically manage water resources, slow down the water cycle in the natural environment and increase water retention in river basins. Global water resources amount to approximately 1,386 billion km3, whereas over 97% water is unavailable. In the 21st century, water resources are increasingly exposed to terrorist attacks and are becoming the main cause of wars. Climate change is causing an increase in demand for water, which may be the seed of new armed conflicts in many regions. The consequences of water scarcity are therefore social, economic, political, environmental, and increasingly also military.