Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyse selected social and economic consequences of the digital transformation in Poland and to identify the main opportunities, threats and inequalities associated with the development of digital technologies and artificial intelligence in the areas of public communication, the labour market and individual well-being Material and methods: This article is a review and diagnostic study. It draws on a critical review of the literature and an analysis of existing data from reports by the Statistics Poland (GUS), Polish Economic Institute (PIE), Research and Academic Computer Network (NASK), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Eurostat, as well as data relating to the level of digitalisation and the use of AI in Poland and the European Union. Results: The analysis indicates that the digital transformation in Poland is proceeding unevenly. The development of digital services for consumers coexists with lower uptake of advanced technologies in businesses, particularly in the SME sector. The transformation increases access to information, automation and communication opportunities, but is also associated with information overload, the risk of a decline in well-being, polarisation of the labour market and an unequal distribution of social costs. In public communication and institutions, the importance of transparency and oversight is growing, whilst NASK data indicate intensive internet use among young people and difficulties in limiting the time spent on mobile phones. Conclusions: Mitigating the risks of diminished human agency and obsolete workforce skills requires a gradual realignment of educational policies toward fostering creativity, cognitive resilience, and critical data literacy skills. The success of technological transformation depends on balancing economic benefits with the protection of social well-being.