Health behaviours are indicators of attitudes towards health, arising from values of an individual, as well as any intentionally taken action the purpose of which is to preserve or raise health potential. They are among the most important factors that determine the state of human health. They are formed mainly in the second decade of life and are prone to shaping throughout its duration. They are transmitted in the process of socialization, formed in the course of social interaction in childhood and adolescence under the influence of the information provided by parents, guardians, school, media, medical services. The aim of the study was to investigate and compare health behaviours of students of the Medical University coming from the countryside and from the city. The questionnaire survey was carried out anonymously from April to June 2013. The research tool used in the work was the Health Behaviour Inventory (IZZ) created by Zygfryd Juczyński. 200 students from the Medical University of Lublin took part in the survey. The research shows that almost half of the respondents presented average health behaviours. More favourable health behaviours characterized students coming from the countryside. The best results in relation to specific types of health behaviours examined were obtained by the respondents from the countryside in areas related to correct eating habits and preventive behaviours. Young people coming from rural areas more often ate vegetables and fruits, sought information about how others avoid diseases and limited smoking. Ethnicity is an important factor determining health behaviours.