It estimated that every nine child in Poland is brought up without father. From the health promoter`s point of view, the role of man as a father often raises incomprehension or even disrespect. The aim of the article is to answer the questions as follows: What is the duties of a father in a family nowadays? The research was conducted twice, in 2000 and 2007. 95 students were examined with the use of two methods as follows: the literature query and the authors` questionnaire. The results revealed that children growing up without father lose their identity. Such females have more often early sexual intercourse, they have more often illegitimate children and divorce. The majority of the examined students are not ready to become a father.